The Crumbling of the African State System
نویسندگان
چکیده
In the late 19 Century European powers claimed political suzerainty all over Africa, which was effectuated in the early part of the 20 Century and dwindled after the Second World War. Between 1952 and 1965 most African territories became ‘independent’ again and members of the United Nations. A few laggards still resisted or became ‘special cases’. The Portuguese territories only became independent states after 1974. The Spanish Sahara is still an unsettled case, conquered by Morocco, but claimed by an independence movement, acknowledged by the Organisation of African Unity and by the United Nations. Southern Rhodesia first needed a period of settler-declared ‘unilateral’ independence before it became really independent in 1980. South-west Africa only became independent Namibia in 1990. South Africa, although formally independent since 1910, only got majority rule and ‘real independence’ in 1994. Currently a few territories remain as colonial remnants: Ceuta, Melilla and the Canary Islands of Spain, the Acores and Madeira of Portugal, Réunion and Mayotte of France, Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha of Great Britain, all together with less than 0.01% of Africa’s territory and less than 1 million of Africa’s 800 million inhabitants.
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تاریخ انتشار 2009